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Introduction: There are no data on the association of type of pneumonia and long-term mortality by the type of pneumonia (COVID-19 or community-acquired pneumonia [CAP]) on long-term mortality after an adjustment for potential confounding variables. We aimed to assess the type of pneumonia and risk factors for long-term mortality in patients who were hospitalized in conventional ward and later discharged. Methods: Retrospective analysis of two prospective and multicentre cohorts of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and CAP. The main outcome under study was 1-year mortality in hospitalized patients in conventional ward and later discharged. We adjusted a Bayesian logistic regression model to assess associations between the type of pneumonia and 1-year mortality controlling for confounders. Results: The study included a total of 1,693 and 2,374 discharged patients in the COVID-19 and CAP cohorts, respectively. Of these, 1,525 (90.1%) and 2,249 (95%) patients underwent analysis. Until 1-year follow-up, 69 (4.5%) and 148 (6.6%) patients from the COVID-19 and CAP cohorts, respectively, died (p = 0.008). However, the Bayesian model showed a low probability of effect (PE) of finding relevant differences in long-term mortality between CAP and COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.127, 95% credibility interval 0.862-1.591; PE = 0.774). Conclusion: COVID-19 and CAP have similar long-term mortality after adjusting for potential confounders.
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BACKGROUND: Knowing the cost of hospitalizations for exacerbation in bronchiectasis patients is essential to perform cost-effectiveness studies of treatments that aim to reduce exacerbations in these patients. OBJECTIVES: To find out the mean cost of hospitalizations due to exacerbations in bronchiectasis patients, and to identify factors associated with higher costs. METHODS: Prospective, observational, multicenter study in adult bronchiectasis patients hospitalized due to exacerbation. All expenses from the patients' arrival at hospital to their discharge were calculated: diagnostic tests, treatments, transferals, home hospitalization, admission to convalescence centers, and hospitals' structural costs for each patient (each hospital's tariff for emergencies and 70% of the price of a bed for each day in a hospital ward). RESULTS: A total of 222 patients (52.7% men, mean age 71.8 years) admitted to 29 hospitals were included. Adding together all the expenses, the mean cost of the hospitalization was EUR 5,284.7, most of which correspond to the hospital ward (86.9%), and particularly to the hospitals' structural costs. The adjusted multivariate analysis showed that chronic bronchial infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, days spent in the hospital, and completing the treatment with home hospitalization were factors independently associated with a higher overall cost of the hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: The mean cost of a hospitalization due to bronchiectasis exacerbation obtained from the individual data of each episode is higher than the cost per process calculated by the health authorities. The most determining factor of a higher cost is chronic bronchial infection due to P. aeruginosa, which leads to a longer hospital stay and the use of home hospitalization.
